SumBlog 11

http://faculty.maxwell.syr.edu

Dorothy Smith 

Smith’s sociological theory is composed of three main points: Standpoint theory, Bifurcated Consciousness, and Alternative Sociology.

The first being Standpoint theory, is fully emerging yourself into a culture to gain a better understanding of the beliefs shared within it. This meaning that we as observers should not observe from the outside of a culture but to truly understand another ones culture you must place yourself within it and do your observing within. With the hopes of becoming more knowledgeable about each others cultures. This standpoint theory can be looked at in two ways: experiences and perspectives. Experiences being the ones that you speak of and perspectives being the hands-on learning and experiences you put in.

www.adventistmission.org

Missionary. Is one example that I can think of when talking about the standpoint theory. Most missionary emerge themselves with in the culture they are trying to serve. They become familiar with the culture and become comfortable around the people of that culture familiar with their beliefs. Until they feel comfortable enough to share their with them.

The second being Bifurcated Consciousness. Bifurcation: distinction between the world as we experience it and the world as we come to know it through the conceptual frameworks that science invents” ( Dorothy Smith, 1926). Bifurcated: to divide into two branches or parts (Merriam-Webster Dictionary, 2013). Dorothy explains Bifurcated Consciousness to be the identity of a women and as a women sociologist. Meaning that sociology is traditionally made up of a male dominated career and most of the studies and books written and done about sociology are going to be in a male point-of-view (standpoint). Dorothy see and deal with the Bifurcated Consciousness herself because she has the division in which she is a female and is involved in a male dominated career. Her tools: books, case studies are done from a males point-of-view and her experiences being different form what her tools are saying because she is female and is looked at through her point-of-view. This having the barrier of the Bifurcated Consciousness.

The third being Alternative Sociology.

“An alternative sociology would be a means of anyone of understanding

how the world comes about for us and how it is organized so that it

happens to us as it does in our experience. An alternative sociology, from

the standpoint of women, makes the everyday world problematic” (

Lemert, 2013).

The meaning that we are to learn and explore by using our own knowledge to better understand and unfold what is going on around us. 

SumBlog 10

                Clifford Geertz 

Culture. 

Looked at Culture. He defined culture as a system of inherited conception expressed in symbol forms by means of which men communicate, perpetuate & develop their knowledge about attitudes towards life. Meaning that culture or society is developed and made up of symbols.

Geertz looks at symbols in two different ways:

Thick description:

Rich and full of detail. Looking and understand details with in a picture.

Thin description:

Superficial. Looking at the whole picture and not looking at the details it with holds.

Verizon Commercial

This Verizon commercial helps explain thin and thick description. They see the whole picture as the USA and not the thick description being the coverage that Verizon service offers.

Us as a society decide whether we view them as sacred or profound.

Sacred-have large value

Profound-have little to no value

These can differ from culture to culture.

Example being gestures. Gesture and greeting differ from culture to culture. From hand shakes to kissing.

Some symbols that maybe found in society are:

• American Flag
• Wedding Ring
• Cross

We often overlook or forget what the symbolize is behind things that we see everyday. 

Overall Clifford Geertz main focus was looking looking at different symbols throughout society and looking at how society ascribes meaning to them. It is crazy to think of how we ascribed to different symbols throughout society and we may not even know it. Very interesting way to look at things throughout our society and others. 

SumBlog 9

Erving Goffman

Status and Roles

Goffman focused on status and roles with in a society and how it interacts with an individual. Goffman looks at status and roles as two different things: status being a particular social position that an individual may hold and roles being the behavior that is expected of a particular status.

For Example:

www.blisstree.com



Status: Doctor

Role: we would expect doctors to be caring, helpful, knowledgeable, and accountable, honest, etc. We don’t expected doctors to be dishonest, harmful because society gives them expectations because of their high ranking.

These two terms are so linked together that in if they don’t flow are follow the pattern of one another it will result in an act of deviance or embarrassment.

Goffman also looks as self-labeling and the power of audience on these statuses and roles.

Self-labeling: is an identity that one presents to others in an attempt to manage their impression of him or herself.

Power of Audience: the reaction of the audience (community, peers, and coworkers) can reflect or direct how one may act or finish presenting themselves.

For Example: Stand-up Comedian

 

 

images.publicradio.org

 

 

A Stand-up-Comedian relies on his audience as a part of his act. If his audience reacts negatively to something he or she will steer clear of that topic and begin on a new one. If he or she get a good reaction (laughter) out of the audience then they may continue with that topic. There act is revolved all around the power of the audience.

The audience members are expectation of what they want to hear or see and if the comedian does not meet their expectations than the audience will fill in the rest with what they want (reaction).

If the comedian fails to meet the expectations of the audience this results in power of audience. The comedian did not fit his status and therefore did not fulfill his role expectations the audience had resulting in embarrassment.

 

SumBlog 8

                                              Self and Identity  

                              William Edward Burghardt.

W.E.B. Du Bios main focus was looking at self and identity and how it was present within different ethnic groups. Du Bios was a black man that lived and wrote during the Great Depression. His two key concepts were:

• Veil

The literal definition given of veil in Merriam-Webster dictionary is, something that covers or hides something else.

cdn.trustedpartner.com

When thinking of a veil you think of a women on her wedding day. Du Bios uses the word veil in that concept but in the sense that there is not literally something over your face disrupting your view but in the sense that there is something holding you back from your full potential. Such as race, society and morals. 

• Double-Consciousness  

 

The literal definition given of double-consciousness in Merriam-Webster dictionary is, the presence of two apparently unconnected streams of consciousness in one individual.

nashford.files.wordpress.com

Du Bios uses the word double-consciousness in that concept that there is a stereotype that belongs with that certain person because of their skin color or hair-do, or something to have to do with themselves or family. With this Du bios is saying that a person may have double-consciousness because they maybe trying to break the stereotype of their race, or family. Breaking it down father and to understand the double to the concept is looking at the two identities that maybe carried.

1.  Stereotype
2. The things that the person is trying to do to beat the stereotype 

Overall Du Bois' concepts are great and I believe are accurate and still are present in today's society. People are trying to fight stereotypes and break them every day 

SumBlog 7

www.blackpast.org

ANNA JULIA COOPER 

Class, Race, Power, and Sex

          Anna Julia Cooper, was a very devoted to education. She was also very devoted to social change and how society had impacted race, sex, class, and power. Power had a great deal of influence in Cooper's sociological concept and theory. Copper looks at many different things within society and how that might shape one individual.  

“As the whole is sum of all its parts, so the character of the parts will determine the characteristics of the whole” (Lemert, 2013).

  Meaning that no one person can determine how a whole group is looked at within society.

 

       ““But when a great burly six feet of masculinity with sloping shoulders and unkempt beard swaggers in, and, throwing a roll of tobacco into hone corner of his jaw, growls out out at me (Anna Cooper) over the paper I am reading, “Here gurl, you better git out 'n dis kyar 'fyer don't, I'll put yer out,”-- my mental annotation is Here's an American citizen who ha been badly trained”” (Lemert, 2013).

Meaning that Cooper contributes bad attitudes, dis-respectfulness, and failures not because of ones own ideas or thinking but to the society. The society has failed them in the sense of how to interact or do the right thing. That when something goes wrong the blame does not go onto yourself but onto the society that you have been raised in. Overall meaning that people are products of the society so society is the one to blame. 

         Cooper also looks at power and how that interacts and is with in society. Power, is defined as the ability or right to control people or things (Merriam-Webster Dictionary, 2013). Cooper believes that power is the root of society and comes through in race, sex, and class. Power is often linked to majority within a society. Meaning that if you hold the majority of a certain characteristic or property you in essence have the power. With every majority group comes a minority group. A minority group is a group with fewer members than the leading group (majority). Copper gives four ways a society can deal with minority groups. 

1. Pluralism 

Pluralism is a situation in which people of different social class, religion, race, etc., are together in a society but continue to have their different traditions and interest (Merriam-Webster Dictionary, 2013).A taco consists of meat, cheese, lettuce, and together they make up a taco. If you where to break them apart they would still be something and not just a taco. Lettuce would be lettuce, cheese would be cheese and so on. Each individual ingredient still has its own identity within the taco. 

2. Assimilation

Assimilation is conformity. It is when one person or group conforms to what the majority is doing. Assimilation is somewhat like peer pressure in that when someone gives into something they originally didn't wan to do. 




    3. Segregation
    4. Genocide


Overall, I picked these picture because they have helped me understand Anna Julia Cooper's concepts in a way that I understand. 

SumBlog 6

inmygoodbooks.files.wordpress

Charlotte Perkins Gilman.

Women and Economics. 

Gilman's main focus with women and economics is the relationship having to deal with man and women and or husband and wife. Can a women be economically independent? Meaning having all the financial burden or weight on yourself.

Gilman says : “ From the day laborer to the millionaire, the wife's worn dress or flashing jewels, her low roof or her lordly one, her weary feet or her rich equipage,--these speak of the economic ability of the husband... when the woman, left alone with no man to “support” her tries to meet her own economic necessities, the difficulties which confront her prove conclusively what the general economic status of the women is...that the economic status of women generally depends upon that of men individually, those to whom they are related.”

“Trophy Wife.” is what comes to mind. A man provides for his wife all the necessities and or luxuries that his economic standing can bring in. As if he is getting judge or looked at by how his wife is maintaining herself and the household.

Gilman looks deeper into to the relationship between husband and wife or marriage and finds that there are two different ways to look at it. 

1. Business
2. Partnership

Looking at from point one is that if a man were to loss his wife his “economic” standing would most likely not change or be effected, but looking at it as a partnership would be the opposite. The husbands or mans “economic” standing may not change but the flow of the household would.

“all living things ate economically dependent upon others-- the animals upon the vegetables, and man upon both.” Meaning that everyone is still dependent on each other in someway or will be at some point in life.

Example: If you are experiencing car problems and you are a doctor and not a mechanic you will then have to seek out a mechanic to help fix your car. 

Gilman concludes that women or wives may not have the means to make money on their own to be able to give things to others in return for something but they do play a critically role in the husbands or mans way of life. She helps the man become who is is economically be helping out is different way—the main way is within the household. (They are the car goofy in the exam above-the husband is the arrow and the mechanic is the outcome.) 

This concept does not seem to be as strong in today’s society because of the evolution of woman’s rights and opportunities, but still can be found in some household.  

SunBlog 5

www.bolender.com

 Early Women Social Thinker

Harriet Martineau

““The great ends of human association” aim above all “to the grand one. The only general one,-- human happiness.”” Harriet “law” of life was “human happiness.” What is human happiness to be exact? That's a good question. According to the Webster Merriam dictionary “happiness” is the state of being happy. Well whats being “happy” mean? Webster Merriam dictionary says “happy” is feeling or showing pleasure or contentment. Contentment is happiness. In essence contentment is security and being secure is happiness. Harriet believes that each and everyone's goal is to try and achieve happiness in life but life or society may not allow that to happen. She gives three basic terms to explain this outline for life.

• Morals: shared norms
• Manners: actions based on norms
• Anomaly: disruption between morals and norms.

Example: war, social class, race, gender inequality.  

bp.blogspot.com/

This image shows disruption in a heart beat and I believe helps understand the concept of morals, norms, and anomaly. Disruption is going to occur in most peoples life's in many different ways. It is almost what you make out of it in having the end result being happiness. As if what you put into it is what you are going to get out of it. Happiness is something that everyone whats in life. Everyone whats to be happy. What does it look like? That is up to each and every individual to decides what happiness is to them. Many talk about the “American Dream.” What is that to be exact?  

media.npr.org

This image shows the “American Dream.” This can mean many things, in changes from time to time and from place to place. Most people describe the “American Dream” is having a successful life. Meaning having a job, house, kids, wife, family. Overall the “American Dream” can be different for everyone and can be influenced by many different things. One thing that I would think is apart of everyone's “American Dream” is contentment or security.  

SumBlog 4

Max Weber- The Bureaucratization and Rationalization of Modern Society

Bureaucracy. This word can often be confusing and hard to understand. I have found myself struggling to understand the concept of Bureaucratization and Rationalization in general and from Max Weber's point of view. What I get out of it is that you need rationalization to get a bureaucratization and with a bureaucratization comes authority. 

Rationalization is or can be broken down into six characteristics:

• Calculability
• Efficiency
• Predictability
• Replacement of human technology with nonhuman technology.
• Control
• Irrational Consequences
  Rationalization is the process in which brings out bureaucracy.

Bureaucracy according to Max Weber represents the pure ideal-type of legal-rational authority. Bureaucracy is organized on a hierarchical and rational basis. In other words a bureaucracy has a set of rules and regulation that is followed hoping for a good turn out. This maybe stated with a goal or certain outcome in mind. A bureaucracy is made up of a ladder type of environment-meaning there is a chain of commands and or roles and positions that are in order of power or authority.

Authority is a type of power-legitimate domination. Weber breaks it down into three types:

• Rational (law)
• Traditional (passed down from generation to generation)
• Charismatic

Overall bureaucracy is still confusing but I think that Weber does a great job of breaking things down and concluding what bureaucracy is. Bureaucracy is common and is something that we run into a lot throughout our life time and may not even know it.

www.physics911.net

This image shows bureaucracy because it shows the chain of commands in the military. I pick this image because it shows how a bureaucracy works and how there are different roles inside a bureaucracy type of environment.  

SumBlog 3

www.phillwebb.net

         Emile Durkheim -Anomie

Anomie. What is that? Right? That was my first reaction too, and not it is not a magazine that is made up of a series of comic strips. Anomie-(An-o-mie)- personal unrest, alienation, and uncertainty that comes from a lack of purpose or ideals. This definition coming from Webster Merriam Dictionary. Emile Durkheim's social transitional theory related to suicide and anomie is very intriguing and rather accurate. Emile's outlook on society with in a social relationship is broken down into two different categories. Integration and regulation. These two categories are the basic formula for his outlook on the society. The main goal as a society is to maintain and equilibrium between the two. If you become to low or high in one that is where troubles occur. This is where Emile brings in his thoughts of suicide. Not maintaining an equilibrium can result in suicide because one may become to or to little integrated in society or a group end result being suicide. That goes the same for regulation. Suicide having four different type- egoistic, fatalistic, anomic, and altruisitc.

This intrigues me because it is so true and is disturbing. Suicide is serious and is something that no one plans on interacting with, but in reality we need to be aware of and act on the signs when we see them. Click here to learn more about warning signs and suicide prevention. 

www.angelfire.com

While looking for a multimedia source I came across this image. This image is a great illustration of Durkheim's thoughts and what he concludes in his social transitional theory. The “x” being the equilibrium and the four different types of suicide. It explains what direction is more or less integrated and more or less regulated. Overall this image was very helpful explaining Durkheim's conclusions on suicide.  

   

SumBlog 2

Karl Marx-Theme of Religion 

Religion. It comes with many different views and outlooks on life. According to Merriam-Webster dictionary religion is an interest, a belief, or an activity that is very important to a person or group. This definition corresponds with Karl Marx's view on religion. Marx felt that religion was a way for a person to full pass time and to express themselves. Religion helped people to overcome certain life trials and gave them a guide on life. A line that really jumped out at me in our reading this week was “man makes religion, religion does not make man.” Meaning that religion is made up and has no value and it's giving you a false reality to follow. Marx clearly thinks that religion is just a figure of one imagination and is something that will just be a fantasy.

Religion in my eyes has value and is something that has meaning everyday life. Religion is foundation and is something that is much more than a thought or false reality. 

http://www.kevin-george.com/

This image is a great way to help explain Marx religious theme. Imagination and fantasy. Children often when playing or drawing are creating their own monsters, shapes and stories. Much like Marx theme of religion. In this picture this little girl has her crayons and paper spread out and is thinking of what she wants to create next. I feel that Marx view on religion is a lot like a person dreaming. It seems like any person can create their own religion and call it a religion when it really maybe just a thought.

Marx view on religion is different but it has allowed us to broaden our horizon and understand that everyone is different and no one person or religion is better than another.  

    

SumBlog 1

Spencer's Evolutionary Theory

Evolution.The first thing that comes to mind is evolution from monkey to human. Know that God is the creator of all that thought quickly vanishes. Spencer took a different approach to evolution in that he broke it down into three key elements. First of which was, integration. Meaning a gradual change from a less logical or consistent to more logical or consistent form. Second was, heterogeneity. Meaning a movement from being alike to being more and more diverse in character. Third was, Differentiation. Meaning a movement from the unclear to the clear. In thinking about the separation of church and state the church was thought to be the unclear and science was thought to be the clear. Science is thought to being the clear because it help people prove and find their own answers instead relying on the church for them. Putting all this together the Evolutionary Theory from the eye's of Spencer is the gradual change and movement towards becoming more diverse and working together to enhance the society.  

Figure comes from- www.bolender.com

While looking for a multimedia to share about Evolutionary Theory I found this picture. I was not sure about what Spencer was talking about until I saw this picture. It gave me an insight on his thoughts and how I feel about his theory. This picture shows that with his theory it starts at one point and progresses to the final point but then once it reaches that point it goes back to the beginning and the series starts all over again. I feel that it is tough to have a theory that is a continuous circle because there is no room to grow in your thoughts and the theory in return is stuck in that circle. All in all I feel this picture best represents Spencer's thoughts in his time period.